CNY Public Art: The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Syracuse

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Postcard.

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Postcard

CNY Public Art: The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Syracuse
by Samuel D. Gruber

For Memorial Day we look at Syracuse's Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument at Clinton Square, the city's largest and most prominent monuments to war veterans, and the grandest local expression of public art from the period of "The City Beautiful" and Beaux-Arts design. Memorial Day has its origins in Decoration Day and was celebrated to honor the dead of the Civil War. In Syracuse it took almost a half century before a large and fitting memorial was built as the backdrop for public ceremony. The monument was built to honor the 12,000 individuals from Onondaga County who fought in the Civil War, but it has now been rededicated in memory of all the county's service men and women.

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Clarence H. Blackall (1857-1942) was the architect, and the bronze sculptures were designed by Cyrus Dallin (1861-1944). The East group of figures is titled, "A Call to Arms" and the West is named, "An Incident at Gettysburg." Dallin was a leading sculptor of the period, known especially for his majestic figures of Native Americans on horseback, such as Appeal to the Great Spirit (1909), now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and his statue of the Angel Moroni atop the Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City.

Dallin sculpted animated groups of figures in high relief. His inspiration no doubt came in part from the Arc de Triumph in Paris. This is in stark contrast to the more staid and stolid Civil monuments erected across the country in the decade closer to the conflict, such as the multi-figured "wedding cake" monument type of the  Michigan Soldiers and Sailors Monument erected in Detroit in 1872, or the column monument in Troy, New York, dedicated in 1891, or the solitary soldier keeping watch in Brandon, Vermont, inaugurated in 1886. 

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

The following information about the Syracuse Monument comes from the Art Inventories Catalog of the  Smithsonian American art Museum.

On Dec. 12, 1905, thanks in part to the efforts of Mrs. Harriet Schwartz whose older brother was killed during the Civil War, the Board of Supervisors passed a resolution committing itself to erecting a Civil War monument, and authorized a chairman to appoint a monument committee. Between 1906 and 1909, the Board of Supervisors made several appropriations to fund the monument, the cost of which eventually topped $100,000. A small amount of the funding had been raised earlier by Mrs. Harriet Schwartz who organized donations from school children ($238.38) and a benefit concert ($229.50).

The bronze reliefs were cast in France at the Gruet Bronze Foundry ("Call to Arms") and the Jaboeuf & Rouard Fondeurs ("Mending the Flag"). At the time of the dedication, however, only one bronze relief was in place; "Mending the Flag" arrived later and was not installed until June 23, 1911.

When originally built, the Beaux-Arts style monument was the centerpiece for a large stone plaza with formal granite piers and walls surrounding it. Since then, the plaza has been reduced in size and re-landscaping done. In each of the four corners of the plaza are reconstructed granite piers from the original wall. Each of the piers has a cast iron light standard dating from subsequent modifications.

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

A tall white granite monument surmounted by four eagles holding aloft a large sphere. The granite shaft is adorned with four granite unfluted Roman Ionic columns at each corner and decorated with two bronze reliefs depicting scenes from the Civil War. On the east side of the monument, "The Call to Arms" relief depicts an infantryman with his musket, a sailor with his sword drawn, an artilleryman with his cannon and cannon tamper, and a cavalryman holding the reins of a rearing horse. A female figure hovers over the figures holding the American Flag and blowing a trumpet to sound the call to war. On the west side of the monument, "Mending the Flag" depicts the moment during the Battle of Gettysburg when William G. Lilly, the color bearer in Pickett's army, repairs the broken flagstaff of New York's 149th regiment. His fellow soldiers rallying around him to save the day, as General Pickett astride his horse commands his men with sword held high. The monument is placed within a larger stepped plaza setting with cast iron lighting.

(On east side:) TO THE BRAVE SONS OF ONONDAGA WHO SERVED THEIR COUNTRY ON LAND AND SEA THAT THE UNION MIGHT BE PRESERVED AND THE CONSTITUTION MAINTAINED (On west side:) THIS MEMORIAL IS ERECTED BY THE GRATEFUL PEOPLE OF ONONDAGA IN APPRECIATION OF THE GLORIOUS ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE MEN WHO VOLUNTEERED THEIR SERVICES IN DEFENSE OF THE FLAG AND FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE NATION. 1861-1865. MAY THEIR EXAMPLE SPEAK TO FUTURE GENERATIONS

(On the north side:) BENEATH THIS STONE ARE THE NAMES OF 12,265 VOLUNTEERS OF ONONDAGA COUNTY, WHO SERVED THEIR COUNTRY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. THIS MONUMENT STANDS AS A TRIBUTE TO THE BRAVE MEN WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC -WHOSE NAMES AND HEROIC DEEDS ARE GRAVEN DEEP IN THE HEARTS OF THEIR COUNTRY. WE HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE THAT THESE DEAD SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN. THAT HIS NATION UNDER GOD SHALL HAVE A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM AND THAT GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE BY THE PEOPLE AND FOR THE PEOPLE SHALL NOT PERISH FROM THE EARTH. -ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Syracuse, NY. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber

Landmarks in the City: First English Lutheran Church (1911)

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911.  Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2007.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911. Bell tower. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911. Interior. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016. 

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911. Interior. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Landmarks in the City: First English Lutheran Church  (1911)

by Samuel D. Gruber

This summer, I'll be posting about some of the many landmarks in Syracuse and Onondaga County. These are buildings that have been recognized for their architectural, artistic or historic value and designated by the city as Local Protected Sites or placed on the State and National Register of Historic Places. One of these places is the lovely First English Lutheran Church at 501 James Street, just at the northeastern edge of Downtown. It was listed  on the National Register in 1998.  

Designed by leading Syracuse architect Archimedes Russell and his young partner, Melvin King, This and the near-contemporary (and very different) Saint Anthony of Padua Church on West Colvin Street were Russell's last ecclesiastical commissions. Russell had designed many important churches throughout the region, mostly as free interpretations of historicist styles - primarily variations on Romanesque and Gothic designs. King almost certainly contributed to this design and he would soon take over the firm from the aged and ailing Russell (he died in 1915 and king took over the firm).

Groundbreaking  for the new building took place on April 18, 1910. The first service was held in the church on June 18, 1911.  The beige sandstone church is striking from the outside for its incorporation of Mission style elements and Arts & Crafts detailing. Most notable is its unusual bell tower, flanked by lower towers, all topped with pyramidal red tile roofs.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911. Interior. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Inside, the church is very spare. the Post-Standard (June 19, 1911) gushed at the time of its opening of its brilliantly lighted auditorium with large balcony. The wide spacious feel, accented by a series of colorful stained glass memorial windows made by the Haskins Art Glass Co. of Rochester,  a firm owned and operated by George Haskins, who some speculate has previously worked for Tiffany.  The company started  in 1890 as W. M. Page & Co. In 1893 it became Parkes, Collyer & Stacy before becoming Haskins & Collyer in 1895. In 1904 it became Haskins Art Glass.  

 Add for Haskins window from Baptist Yearbook (1919)

Haskins worked predominately in opalescent glass. In the main sanctuary these include two large cathedral glass windows, the immediate left and right after entering. These are arranged in geometric and architectural designs into which are inserted art glass busts of handsome heads, which may have come from the congregation previous church and been reused.  Four other big windows are multi-section biblical scenes and landscapes made of opalescent glass.

One more big window is in the facade beneath the main tower. inside seen in the choir balcony, and this represent the Annunciation to the Shepherds (in memory of Christian and Katherine Cook). The colors of this window are very vivid.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911. Interior. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church., 1911. Interior. Cook Memorial Window; Annunciation to the Shepherds. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church., 1911. Interior. Cook Memorial Window; Annunciation to the Shepherds. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church. Archimedes Russell and Melvin King, architects, 1911. Interior, cathedral glass, east wall. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church., 1911. Interior, cathedral glass, east wall. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  head inserted into cathedral glass, east wall. It is thought that this head and another in a window opposite may have been brought from the congregation's previous building on Salina Street, and reused here. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  west wall. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  west wall. Ruth and Naomi window. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  view to west wall. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016.

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  west wall. Ruth and Naomi window (Whither thou goest, I will go"). Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. "Suffer little children to come unto me" window. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. "Suffer little children to come unto me" window. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. Good shepherd window. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. Good shepherd window. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. Charles L. Amos memorial window. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. Charles L. Amos memorial window, Church Triumphant. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016

Syracuse, NY. First English Lutheran Church, 1911. Interior,  east wall. Charles L. Amos memorial window, Church Militant. Haskins Art Glass Co, Rochester. Photo: Samuel D. Gruber 2016